Dreams Before Psychology: Iškar Zaqīqu and the Mesopotamian Science of Dream Omens
The Gilgamesh Dream Tablet, Middle Babylonian period, now in the Iraq Museum. Photograph by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Long…
Mesopotamian Divination
Reading the Gods in a Sheep: Mesopotamian Liver Divination, Bārûtu, and the Science of Signs
A late first-millennium BCE cuneiform fragment recording liver omens. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, object 86.11.378b, Public Domain. For much of the ancient Near East,…